._root_1ruff_1{--slider-thumb:22px;--slider-track:6px;width:100%;min-width:0;color:var(--foreground);font-size:var(--text-sm);line-height:var(--leading-body);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-body);-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;display:grid}._header_1ruff_2{justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-4);min-width:0;display:flex}._label_1ruff_3{min-width:0;font-weight:500}._readout_1ruff_4{color:var(--text-secondary);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap;flex:none;align-items:center;gap:.3em;display:inline-flex}._dash_1ruff_5{color:var(--text-muted)}._body_1ruff_7{grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr) auto;align-items:center;display:grid}._start_1ruff_8{margin-right:var(--space-3);grid-area:1/1;display:flex}._end_1ruff_9{margin-left:var(--space-3);grid-area:1/3;display:flex}._control_1ruff_11{height:var(--control-height-md);cursor:pointer;touch-action:pan-y;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;grid-area:1/2;position:relative}._track_1ruff_12{top:50%;right:calc(var(--slider-thumb) / 2);left:calc(var(--slider-thumb) / 2);height:var(--slider-track);margin-top:calc(var(--slider-track) / -2);border-radius:var(--radius-pill);background:var(--control-track);position:absolute}._fill_1ruff_14{border-radius:inherit;background:var(--control-fill);position:absolute;inset:0}._tick_1ruff_15{border-radius:var(--radius-pill);background:color-mix(in oklab, var(--foreground) 30%, transparent);width:4px;height:4px;margin:-2px 0 0 -2px;position:absolute;top:50%}._fill_1ruff_14 ._tick_1ruff_15{background:color-mix(in oklab, var(--control-glyph) 60%, transparent)}._thumbs_1ruff_17{inset:0 calc(var(--slider-thumb) / 2);pointer-events:none;position:absolute;container-type:inline-size}._thumbLayer_1ruff_19{position:absolute;inset:0}._thumb_1ruff_17{box-sizing:border-box;width:var(--slider-thumb);height:var(--slider-thumb);border-radius:var(--radius-pill);background:var(--control-thumb);box-shadow:var(--control-thumb-shadow);pointer-events:auto;cursor:grab;transition:box-shadow var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-standard);border:0;position:absolute;top:50%;right:0;translate:50% -50%}._thumb_1ruff_17:after{content:"";border-radius:inherit;position:absolute;inset:-11px}._root_1ruff_1[data-dragging],._root_1ruff_1[data-dragging] ._control_1ruff_11,._root_1ruff_1[data-dragging] ._thumb_1ruff_17{cursor:grabbing}._bubbleAnchor_1ruff_26{--edge:calc(var(--slider-thumb) / 2);--x:calc(var(--at,0) * 1cqw);right:0;bottom:calc(50% + var(--slider-thumb) / 2 + 8px);translate:clamp(calc(100% - var(--edge) - var(--x)), 50%, calc(100cqw + var(--edge) - var(--x))) 0;pointer-events:none;display:flex;position:absolute}@media (pointer:coarse){._bubbleAnchor_1ruff_26{bottom:calc(50% + var(--slider-thumb) / 2 + 18px)}}._bubble_1ruff_26{min-height:1.75rem;padding:0 var(--space-3);border:1px solid color-mix(in oklab, var(--background) 14%, var(--foreground));border-radius:var(--radius-pill);background:var(--foreground);color:var(--background);box-shadow:var(--shadow-raised);font-size:var(--text-sm);white-space:nowrap;transform-origin:50% 100%;align-items:center;font-weight:500;display:inline-flex}._marks_1ruff_30{height:1.25rem;margin:calc(var(--space-1) * -1) calc(var(--slider-thumb) / 2) 0;color:var(--text-muted);font-size:var(--text-xs);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;grid-area:2/2;position:relative}._markLabel_1ruff_31{white-space:nowrap;cursor:pointer;transition:color var(--duration-fast) var(--ease-standard);position:absolute;top:0;translate:-50%}._markLabel_1ruff_31[data-edge=start]{translate:max(-50%, calc(var(--slider-thumb) / -2)) 0}._markLabel_1ruff_31[data-edge=end]{translate:min(-50%, calc(-100% + var(--slider-thumb) / 2)) 0}._markLabel_1ruff_31[data-on]{color:var(--text-secondary)}@media (hover:hover) and (pointer:fine){._markLabel_1ruff_31:hover{color:var(--foreground)}}._root_1ruff_1[data-disabled]{opacity:.5}._root_1ruff_1[data-disabled] ._control_1ruff_11,._root_1ruff_1[data-disabled] ._thumb_1ruff_17,._root_1ruff_1[data-disabled] ._markLabel_1ruff_31{cursor:not-allowed}._number_1ruff_39{white-space:nowrap;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;align-items:center;display:inline-flex}._column_1ruff_40{--feather:.2em;margin-block:calc(var(--feather) * -1);padding-block:var(--feather);-webkit-mask-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent, #000 calc(var(--feather) * 1.5), #000 calc(100% - var(--feather) * 1.5), transparent);mask-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent, #000 calc(var(--feather) * 1.5), #000 calc(100% - var(--feather) * 1.5), transparent);display:inline-block;position:relative;overflow:visible clip}._sizer_1ruff_41{visibility:hidden}._glyph_1ruff_42{inset:var(--feather) 0;text-align:center;position:absolute}._symbol_1ruff_43{white-space:pre;display:inline-block;overflow-x:clip}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){._thumb_1ruff_17,._markLabel_1ruff_31{transition:none}}.illustrated-reading>.article-fragment{content-visibility:visible;display:contents}.article-fragment>*{content-visibility:auto;contain-intrinsic-block-size:auto 6lh}.article-reading .katex{font-size:1.08em}.article-reading .katex:has(>math[display=block]){border-block:1px solid var(--border);scrollbar-width:thin;margin-block:1.75rem;padding:1.5rem 1rem;font-size:clamp(1.2rem,1.8vw,1.5rem);display:block;overflow-x:auto}.article-reading math[display=block]{min-width:min-content;margin:0}.article-reading .katex:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ring);outline-offset:4px}.research-figure{--control-fill:var(--accent);--control-on:var(--accent)}.research-figure,.research-history{border:1px solid var(--border);background:var(--card);color:var(--card-foreground);border-radius:1rem;margin-block:2.5rem;padding:clamp(1rem,3vw,2rem);font-size:1rem;line-height:1.6}.research-figure h3,.research-history>h3{letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:0 0 .5rem;font-size:clamp(1.25rem,3vw,1.5rem);font-weight:500;line-height:1.3}.research-figure figcaption p{color:var(--muted-foreground);margin:0 0 1.5rem}.research-shape-pair{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.75rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;display:grid}.research-shape-pair>div{border:1px solid var(--border);text-align:center;border-radius:.75rem;padding:.75rem .25rem}.research-panel-title,.research-measure{margin:0}.research-panel-title{font-size:.875rem}.research-measure{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.research-shape-pair svg,.research-complex-plane{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;overflow:visible}.research-axis,.research-grid{stroke:var(--border-strong,var(--border));stroke-width:1px;fill:none}.research-grid{stroke:var(--border);stroke-dasharray:3 5}.research-shape{fill:var(--accent-subtle);stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2px}.research-origin,.research-point{fill:var(--foreground)}.research-exclusion{fill:var(--accent-subtle)}.research-boundary{stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:6 5}.research-complex-plane text{fill:var(--foreground);font-size:16px;font-family:var(--font-body)}.research-product{border-block:1px solid var(--border);flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:.5rem;margin-block:1.5rem 1rem;padding-block:1rem;display:flex}.research-product span{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-size:1.25rem}.research-caption{color:var(--muted-foreground);margin:1rem 0 0;font-size:.875rem}.research-boundary-description{min-height:4.8em;margin-block:1.5rem .75rem}.research-history>h3{margin-bottom:1.75rem}.research-history a{text-underline-offset:.2em;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.research-history a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ring);outline-offset:3px}.research-history [data-slot=timeline-title]{margin:0 0 .25rem;line-height:1.5}.research-history [data-slot=timeline-date]{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}@media (width<=480px){.research-complex-plane text{font-size:26px}.research-measure{font-size:.875rem}.article-reading .katex:has(>math[display=block]){padding-inline:.25rem;font-size:1.15rem}}