Glossary

The language of agentic work.

Clear definitions, practical examples and the distinctions that matter.

41 terms to explore

A–Z
Accepted job

Work that a responsible person or system has judged complete against the result that was promised.

Agent harness

The software environment around a model that supplies it with context, memory, tools, permissions and an execution loop, and that constrains what its choices are able to affect.

Agent registry

A metadata surface where agent or service records can be published and found, typically carrying a name, endpoint, authentication requirement, declared skills and schemas.

Agent runtime

The process and infrastructure that executes an agent's work — starting it, allocating workers, enforcing resource limits, streaming output and terminating it.

Agent-native

Describes a system or service designed with software agents as primary users or participants.

Agent-ready

Describes a system that supports a specified interaction by a software agent.

Example & source

A supplier allows an agent to check stock, while ordering still requires a person.

Always state ready for what. Supporting one lookup does not establish end-to-end agent access or an agreed readiness level.

What is Agent-Native?

Builder.io, Agent-Native

One implementation of agent-native application design; not a universal definition.

Agent2Agent (A2A)

An open protocol that lets independently operated agent systems discover one another, exchange messages and track work as a task with its own state and output artefacts.

Agentic

Describes AI software that chooses and carries out steps towards a goal rather than following only a predetermined sequence.

Agentic commerce

Buying and selling in which software agents participate in commercial choices or actions for people or organisations.

Agentic economy

Economic activity in which AI agents help people and organisations produce goods, deliver services, coordinate work, and buy and sell.

AI

The broad field of systems that infer from information how to produce predictions, content, recommendations or decisions towards objectives.

Example & source

A factory might use AI to flag an unusual equipment reading; a writer might use it to draft an explanation.

AI includes more than generative AI or agents. Using AI does not by itself mean a system chooses and carries out a sequence of work.

Explanatory memorandum on the definition of an AI system

OECD · 2024

Plain-language interpretation of the institutional definition.

AI agent

An AI system that can select steps towards a goal and carry out actions through available tools.

AI assistant

An AI application through which a person asks for help with information or work.

Example & source

A coordinator asks an assistant to draft a message explaining what a technician needs before a visit.

Assistant describes the relationship with the user. An assistant may contain agentic features; it is not a fixed level below an agent.

Levels of Autonomy for AI Agents

Kevin Feng, David McDonald and Amy Zhang · July 2025

A proposed research framework, not an adopted industry standard.

AI model

The learned component of an AI system that maps supplied information to predictions or other outputs.

Example & source

A model interprets a customer’s message; the surrounding application retrieves their booking and displays a reply.

The model is one component. Connections, permissions and the interface belong to the system around it.

Machine Learning Glossary

Google for Developers

Technical terminology, paraphrased for a business reader.

AI-native

Describes a product, service or business designed around AI as a central part of how it delivers value.

Augmentation

Use of AI to support a person’s work while the person remains actively involved.

Example & source

A trainer asks for alternative explanations, compares them and edits the one used in a workshop.

Augmentation and automation can coexist within the same job. Active involvement is not evidence that the AI is less capable.

Economic primitives

Anthropic · January 2026

Research distinguishes patterns of assistance, automation and autonomy; this is a general explanation, not an Index classification.

Authority

Permission to take specified actions on someone’s behalf, within stated limits.

Example & source

A coordinator permits an agent to request information, but reserves appointment changes for a person.

Technical access and available funds do not establish permission. Authority can be narrow even when a system is highly capable.

Explanatory memorandum on the definition of an AI system

OECD · 2024

Plain-language interpretation of the institutional definition.

Automation

Work carried out by a system with reduced human action, using fixed rules, AI or a combination of both.

Example & source

A booking system sends a reminder the day before each appointment without someone composing each message.

Automation does not require AI, and a highly automated task may leave the software very little discretion.

Economic primitives

Anthropic · January 2026

Research distinguishes patterns of assistance, automation and autonomy; this is a general explanation, not an Index classification.

Autonomy

The degree to which a system can learn or act without human involvement after people delegate work to it.

Commerce protocol

A shared message and state contract for selected buyer, seller or platform interactions, typically covering how a checkout is formed, updated and turned into a merchant order.

Context

The selected information available to an agent during a current decision — the objective, the policy, the conversation so far, the business records, the retrieved material and the working notes.

Delegated work

A bounded job a person or organisation authorises software to carry forward: an objective, the context and authority to pursue it, the action taken, the evidence left behind, and somebody who stays accountable for the result.

Delegation

Assignment of work to a person or system, together with the decisions they are permitted to make.

Example & source

“Prepare the visit from our existing records; ask me before contacting the customer” delegates work with a clear boundary.

Delegating work does not transfer all responsibility, grant unlimited access or remove the need to check the result.

Explanatory memorandum on the definition of an AI system

OECD · 2024

Plain-language interpretation of the institutional definition.

Evaluation

Measurement of a system's behaviour against a defined test — covering the model's output, the sequence of steps it chose, and the effect it had outside itself.

Generative AI

AI that creates synthetic content, such as text, images or audio, using patterns learned from data.

Example & source

A teacher asks for three practice questions based on an approved lesson and reviews them before use.

Generating material does not necessarily involve choosing a plan, using tools or acting on someone’s behalf.

Generative artificial intelligence

NIST · SP 800-218A

Paraphrase of the definition cited by NIST.

Idempotency

The property that repeating the same request produces the same single effect, rather than a second one — usually achieved by attaching a stable key to the logical action.

Mandate

A record of bounded intent or authority, represented so that another system can verify it — naming who authorised what, for whom, within which limits and for how long.

Memory

Retained state an agent can use in a later session or job — a stored preference, a prior job's outcome, or a summary extracted from an earlier interaction.

Merchant of record (MoR)

The legal entity that sells to the customer in a transaction — the party responsible for the sale, its tax treatment, refunds, chargebacks and customer support.

Model Context Protocol (MCP)

An open protocol that gives an AI application a standard way to discover and call external tools and data sources, using a host, client and server arrangement.

Observability

Recording enough state and activity to inspect a run afterwards — the model calls, retrievals, tool executions, approvals, costs, errors and external effects that made up a job.

Orchestration

The state transitions, scheduling, branching, waiting, retry, cancellation and compensation that coordinate multi-step work.

Payment rail

The network or account system that actually moves value — a card network, a bank transfer system, a wallet or a blockchain.

Principal

The person or organisation on whose behalf software acts — whose authority, funds and obligations sit behind the action.

Provenance

The record of where information came from, how it changed, and which activity or actor produced it.

Retrieval

The process that finds external records and supplies them to a model as context — commonly shortened to RAG, for retrieval-augmented generation.

Service

Work performed for another party, such as transport, teaching, equipment maintenance or bookkeeping.

Example & source

A technician repairs equipment for a customer; an information provider supplies a requested record.

A service need not be digital or agentic; people can deliver it directly, with or without software.

Concepts and definitions for measuring business innovation

OECD / Eurostat · Oslo Manual 2018

Economic context for services; the definition here uses ordinary business language.

Settlement

The point at which a payment method says the seller has received final or usable value. What counts as final differs by method.

Task

A bounded piece of work contributing to a larger objective.

Example & source

Checking whether a booking has the equipment model number is one task within preparing a repair visit.

A task is not a whole job, occupation or industry. Completing it may help without achieving the larger objective.

Economic primitives

Anthropic · January 2026

Research distinguishes patterns of assistance, automation and autonomy; this is a general explanation, not an Index classification.

Tool

A function an AI system can use to obtain information or take an action.

Example & source

A calendar connection lets an agent check whether an appointment time is available.

A tool need not be paid or external. It supplies an action; the agent decides when to use it within its permissions.

Machine Learning Glossary

Google for Developers

Technical terminology, paraphrased for a business reader.

Workflow

A connected arrangement of tasks and decisions through which work proceeds.

Example & source

A repair workflow moves from receiving a booking through collecting details, scheduling a visit and recording what happened.

Workflow is broader than fixed automation. When comparing AI architectures, identify whether rules or a model choose the steps.

Building effective agents

Erik S. and Barry Zhang, Anthropic · December 2024

The workflow–agent distinction used here; terminology varies across the field.