Glossary
The language of agentic work.
Clear definitions, practical examples and the distinctions that matter.
41 terms to explore
A–Z- Accepted job
Work that a responsible person or system has judged complete against the result that was promised.
- Agent harness
The software environment around a model that supplies it with context, memory, tools, permissions and an execution loop, and that constrains what its choices are able to affect.
- Agent registry
A metadata surface where agent or service records can be published and found, typically carrying a name, endpoint, authentication requirement, declared skills and schemas.
- Agent runtime
The process and infrastructure that executes an agent's work — starting it, allocating workers, enforcing resource limits, streaming output and terminating it.
- Agent-native
Describes a system or service designed with software agents as primary users or participants.
- Agent-ready
Describes a system that supports a specified interaction by a software agent.
Example & source
A supplier allows an agent to check stock, while ordering still requires a person.
Always state ready for what. Supporting one lookup does not establish end-to-end agent access or an agreed readiness level.
What is Agent-Native?Builder.io, Agent-Native
One implementation of agent-native application design; not a universal definition.
- Agent2Agent (A2A)
An open protocol that lets independently operated agent systems discover one another, exchange messages and track work as a task with its own state and output artefacts.
- Agentic
Describes AI software that chooses and carries out steps towards a goal rather than following only a predetermined sequence.
- Agentic commerce
Buying and selling in which software agents participate in commercial choices or actions for people or organisations.
- Agentic economy
Economic activity in which AI agents help people and organisations produce goods, deliver services, coordinate work, and buy and sell.
- AI
The broad field of systems that infer from information how to produce predictions, content, recommendations or decisions towards objectives.
Example & source
A factory might use AI to flag an unusual equipment reading; a writer might use it to draft an explanation.
AI includes more than generative AI or agents. Using AI does not by itself mean a system chooses and carries out a sequence of work.
Explanatory memorandum on the definition of an AI systemOECD · 2024
Plain-language interpretation of the institutional definition.
- AI agent
An AI system that can select steps towards a goal and carry out actions through available tools.
- AI assistant
An AI application through which a person asks for help with information or work.
Example & source
A coordinator asks an assistant to draft a message explaining what a technician needs before a visit.
Assistant describes the relationship with the user. An assistant may contain agentic features; it is not a fixed level below an agent.
Levels of Autonomy for AI AgentsKevin Feng, David McDonald and Amy Zhang · July 2025
A proposed research framework, not an adopted industry standard.
- AI model
The learned component of an AI system that maps supplied information to predictions or other outputs.
Example & source
A model interprets a customer’s message; the surrounding application retrieves their booking and displays a reply.
The model is one component. Connections, permissions and the interface belong to the system around it.
Machine Learning GlossaryGoogle for Developers
Technical terminology, paraphrased for a business reader.
- AI-native
Describes a product, service or business designed around AI as a central part of how it delivers value.
- Augmentation
Use of AI to support a person’s work while the person remains actively involved.
Example & source
A trainer asks for alternative explanations, compares them and edits the one used in a workshop.
Augmentation and automation can coexist within the same job. Active involvement is not evidence that the AI is less capable.
Economic primitivesAnthropic · January 2026
Research distinguishes patterns of assistance, automation and autonomy; this is a general explanation, not an Index classification.
- Automation
Work carried out by a system with reduced human action, using fixed rules, AI or a combination of both.
Example & source
A booking system sends a reminder the day before each appointment without someone composing each message.
Automation does not require AI, and a highly automated task may leave the software very little discretion.
Economic primitivesAnthropic · January 2026
Research distinguishes patterns of assistance, automation and autonomy; this is a general explanation, not an Index classification.
- Autonomy
The degree to which a system can learn or act without human involvement after people delegate work to it.
- Commerce protocol
A shared message and state contract for selected buyer, seller or platform interactions, typically covering how a checkout is formed, updated and turned into a merchant order.
- Context
The selected information available to an agent during a current decision — the objective, the policy, the conversation so far, the business records, the retrieved material and the working notes.
- Delegated work
A bounded job a person or organisation authorises software to carry forward: an objective, the context and authority to pursue it, the action taken, the evidence left behind, and somebody who stays accountable for the result.
- Delegation
Assignment of work to a person or system, together with the decisions they are permitted to make.
Example & source
“Prepare the visit from our existing records; ask me before contacting the customer” delegates work with a clear boundary.
Delegating work does not transfer all responsibility, grant unlimited access or remove the need to check the result.
Explanatory memorandum on the definition of an AI systemOECD · 2024
Plain-language interpretation of the institutional definition.
- Evaluation
Measurement of a system's behaviour against a defined test — covering the model's output, the sequence of steps it chose, and the effect it had outside itself.
- Generative AI
AI that creates synthetic content, such as text, images or audio, using patterns learned from data.
Example & source
A teacher asks for three practice questions based on an approved lesson and reviews them before use.
Generating material does not necessarily involve choosing a plan, using tools or acting on someone’s behalf.
- Idempotency
The property that repeating the same request produces the same single effect, rather than a second one — usually achieved by attaching a stable key to the logical action.
- Mandate
A record of bounded intent or authority, represented so that another system can verify it — naming who authorised what, for whom, within which limits and for how long.
- Memory
Retained state an agent can use in a later session or job — a stored preference, a prior job's outcome, or a summary extracted from an earlier interaction.
- Merchant of record (MoR)
The legal entity that sells to the customer in a transaction — the party responsible for the sale, its tax treatment, refunds, chargebacks and customer support.
- Model Context Protocol (MCP)
An open protocol that gives an AI application a standard way to discover and call external tools and data sources, using a host, client and server arrangement.
- Observability
Recording enough state and activity to inspect a run afterwards — the model calls, retrievals, tool executions, approvals, costs, errors and external effects that made up a job.
- Orchestration
The state transitions, scheduling, branching, waiting, retry, cancellation and compensation that coordinate multi-step work.
- Payment rail
The network or account system that actually moves value — a card network, a bank transfer system, a wallet or a blockchain.
- Principal
The person or organisation on whose behalf software acts — whose authority, funds and obligations sit behind the action.
- Provenance
The record of where information came from, how it changed, and which activity or actor produced it.
- Retrieval
The process that finds external records and supplies them to a model as context — commonly shortened to RAG, for retrieval-augmented generation.
- Service
Work performed for another party, such as transport, teaching, equipment maintenance or bookkeeping.
Example & source
A technician repairs equipment for a customer; an information provider supplies a requested record.
A service need not be digital or agentic; people can deliver it directly, with or without software.
Concepts and definitions for measuring business innovationOECD / Eurostat · Oslo Manual 2018
Economic context for services; the definition here uses ordinary business language.
- Settlement
The point at which a payment method says the seller has received final or usable value. What counts as final differs by method.
- Task
A bounded piece of work contributing to a larger objective.
Example & source
Checking whether a booking has the equipment model number is one task within preparing a repair visit.
A task is not a whole job, occupation or industry. Completing it may help without achieving the larger objective.
Economic primitivesAnthropic · January 2026
Research distinguishes patterns of assistance, automation and autonomy; this is a general explanation, not an Index classification.
- Tool
A function an AI system can use to obtain information or take an action.
Example & source
A calendar connection lets an agent check whether an appointment time is available.
A tool need not be paid or external. It supplies an action; the agent decides when to use it within its permissions.
Machine Learning GlossaryGoogle for Developers
Technical terminology, paraphrased for a business reader.
- Workflow
A connected arrangement of tasks and decisions through which work proceeds.
Example & source
A repair workflow moves from receiving a booking through collecting details, scheduling a visit and recording what happened.
Workflow is broader than fixed automation. When comparing AI architectures, identify whether rules or a model choose the steps.
Building effective agentsErik S. and Barry Zhang, Anthropic · December 2024
The workflow–agent distinction used here; terminology varies across the field.